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On the trail of Francis I

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Château de Villesavin

Château de Villesavin

Château de Villesavin

Château de Villesavin

Château de Villesavin, the bassin of the fountain

Château de Villesavin, the bassin of the fountain

Villesavin is situated in a hunting forest not far from Blois, just a few kilometres from Chambord. The estate was acquired by Jean Le Breton, President of the Blois Chambre des comptes (chamber of accounts) and Finance Secretary to King Francis I. He was with the king throughout his imprisonment following the defeat at the Battle of Pavia in 1525. But before these misfortunes, as Contrôleur des finances (financial comptroller) Le Breton supervised construction of the Château de Chambord, and other major projects of the early Renaissance. On his return to France in 1527 he began building his own château, which continued until 1537.

The building's layout was innovative. It consists of three single-storey horseshoe wings arranged around a rectangular courtyard. The site is dominated by the attic storey, which is excessively high in proportion to the rest of the building and divided into independent entities. The dormers are framed by pilasters and volutes, many of which bear the salamander, the royal emblem of Francis I.

The opposing wings culminate in rectangular corner pavilions. The centres of the two façades are accentuated by stairwells crowned with lanterns. The sculptures of Diana, Goddess of the hunt, and a bust of Francis I pay tribute to the king and the main pastime for the region's châteaux. The organisation of the interior does not reflect the same harmony as the exterior; the internal spiral staircase however must have been inspired by Chambord. A 17th century historian made mention of the stained-glass windows illustrated with scenes from Ovid's Metamorphoses.

The left pavilion conceals a chapel, which is covered in oil murals in the style of the Second School of Fontainebleau, dating back to the late 16th century. They depict the Passion of the Christ.

In the centre of the courtyard there is an exceptional marble fountain of Italian origin. It is decorated with lion masks, dolphins and chimeras. An "Italian style" parterre garden once surrounded the building.

Villesavin, the château modestly "hidden" in Chambord's shadow, serves to illustrate the contrast between centre and periphery. The person who commissioned it, a senior official of the court, watched and waited for decades before moving on the project. It was a bold project because he wanted it to be as close as possible to his king's dream château where Francis I invited his friends and political partners, and to the forest where he hunted regularly.

During his years of service, Jean Le Breton observed the new style, and then he built a true French style villa. He replaced the round towers by more innovative corner pavilions, which had just started to become "fashionable" in Ile-de-France, especially in Écouen. He imported these innovations into the Loire Valley, also reproducing them in Villandry, his other château. He abandoned all defensive elements for a more modern harmony and added access to the gardens and surrounding forest. This proximity to nature and simple, orderly symmetry gave Villesavin a distinctive style in comparison with contemporary châteaux.